What types of trocars are used for laparoscopy?

In laparoscopic surgery, trocars are instruments used to create access ports in the abdominal wall through which surgical instruments and a camera (laparoscope) can be inserted. Trocars are designed to minimize tissue damage during insertion and provide a stable entry point for the surgical tools. There are several types of trocars used for laparoscopy, each with specific features for different purposes. Some common types include:

1. Bladeless Trocars: These trocars use a blunt-tipped obturator instead of a sharp blade to penetrate the abdominal wall. They are considered less invasive and reduce the risk of accidental injuries during insertion.

2. Veress Needle: While not a trocar in the traditional sense, the Veress needle is used to create an initial pneumoperitoneum (inflation of the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide gas) before inserting the trocar. This helps establish a safe working space for the laparoscopic instruments.

3. Hasson Trocars: These trocars are inserted using an open technique, meaning a small incision is made at the entry site, and the trocar is then guided into the abdominal cavity using direct visualization. This method is often preferred in patients with previous abdominal surgeries or certain medical conditions.

4. Disposable Trocars: These are designed for single-use and are discarded after each surgery to reduce the risk of infection and cross-contamination.

5. Reusable Trocars: These trocars are made of higher-quality materials and are designed for repeated use after proper sterilization.

6. Cannula Trocars: These trocars consist of a cannula (a tube-like structure) that remains in the abdominal cavity, allowing for repeated insertion and removal of various laparoscopic instruments without removing the trocar itself.

7. Shielded Trocars: These trocars have a protective shield that covers the tip after insertion, reducing the risk of accidentally damaging internal structures.

8. Bladed Trocars: Traditional bladed trocars have a sharp blade that retracts after penetration, allowing the trocar to be smoothly inserted.